These sacred sites, known alternatively as Asthana, Bargah, or Imambara, are not merely places of mourning but also cultural landmarks. During the Qutb Shahi period, Ashoorkhanas served as vibrant socio-cultural hubs

Hyderabad: Hyderabad is home to over 125 Ashoorkhanas, most of them nestled in the Old City, and during Muharram, these structures come alive with intense religious activity. Among the most prominent are Badshahi Ashoorkhana and Aza Khana Zehra – two historic mourning halls that leave even the mourners and observers awestruck with their exquisite design, intricate calligraphy, and solemn atmosphere.

These sacred sites, known alternatively as Asthana, Bargah, or Imambara, are not merely places of mourning but also cultural landmarks. During the Qutb Shahi period, Ashoorkhanas served as vibrant socio-cultural hubs. It was here that the powerful genre of ‘marsiya’ – a poetic form centred on the martyrdom of Imam Hussain and the tragedy of Karbala – flourished and found resonance.

The Badshahi Ashoorkhana, built in 1594 by Mohammed Quli Qutb Shah, stands out as one of the earliest and most magnificent Ashoorkhanas in the city. Constructed three years after the iconic Charminar, it is located in Patharghatti. Even after 430 years down the line, it continues to captivate devotees and visitors alike with its enamel tile work. Its interiors are adorned with striking flaming ‘Alams’, and a mosaic of staggered hexagons and jewel-like shapes decorates the southern arch. The western wall boasts vibrant panels in earthy Indian hues like mustard yellow and brown, lending warmth and richness to the space.

Though protected as a heritage site, the Badshahi Ashoorkhana has not been immune to neglect. Several auxiliary structures, such as the Naqar Khana, Abdar Khana, and Niyaz Khana, have suffered damage over the years. Yet, it remains a living monument, still used for religious purposes. Tradition has it that Mohammed Quli Qutb Shah would personally light 1,000 candles in the Ashoorkhana during the first ten days of Muharram.

In contrast to the medieval grandeur of Badshahi Ashoorkhana, the Aza Khana Zehra, built in 1941 by Mir Osman Ali Khan, the 7th Nizam of Hyderabad, represents more recent history. Constructed in memory of his mother, Amtul Zehra Begum, this Ashoorkhana reflects both architectural elegance and emotional depth and in 1999, was honoured with the INTACH Heritage Award.

Aza Khana Zehra features a high-ceilinged collonaded hall and a zenana gallery with intricately latticed wooden screens, offering privacy to women who congregated there during Muharram. The 7th Nizam maintained a close connection to the site and would visit on Youm-e-Ashoora, the tenth day of Muharram, to offer ‘dhatti’ at the nearby Purani Haveli.

The surrounding Darulshifa locality, which has a large Shia population, takes on a particularly solemn and reverent air during the month of Muharram, with mourners gathering in large numbers to pay homage to the martyrs of Karbala.